Electronic Meter Utility Project

Introduction To Electronic Utility Project

 

• Ease of calibration

Electronic meters compared to traditional mechanical solutions in use offer several additional advantages to the utility market. The metering utilities that can be replaced are gas, water and electricity. The advantages are:

• Better reliability

• Better accuracy

• Anti-tampering protection

• Automated meter reading

• Security

• Advanced billing

Of particular importance to the utility company is the tampering of meters. It is estimated that millions of dollars are lost due to the tampering of these meters. Among the tampering are temporary meter disconnect for a period of time before the readings are taken, the use of permanent magnets to saturate current transformers and insertion of mechanical devices to slow down the mechanical turning of the disc.

Why Use Electronic Communications

Why Use Electronic Communications

The Internet and electronic communications (also called computer mediated communications, or CMC) doesn't just mean new tools for communication; it means new ways to communicate. Today your organization interacts with its various constituents differently - employees, board members, customers, partners and others - depending upon the nature of the message, the goals you are trying to achieve and the strengths (and weaknesses) of the available media - telephones, voice mail, fax machines, print, etc.

Electronic communications adds a powerful new channel that not only will change how you use this mix of options, but it will create entirely new ways to interact. For example:

Electronic communications lets you combine numerous media - text, graphics sound, video, etc. - into a single message. That can result in far more meaningful communications tailored to the nature of your particular audience. In contrast to broadcasting, narrowcasting reflects the ability to develop numerous communications for subsets of your market or constituencies.

Electronic communications is interactive. It engages audiences in active, two-way communications. That requires a new way of thinking about advertising copy and the handling of public relations. The pay-off, however, is a self-selected audience, engaged and actively participating in the communications process.

Two-way communication is nothing new. But electronic communications creates a new form of many-to-many communications that lets geographically distributed groups communicate interactively and simultaneously through text, sound and video. You can hold inexpensive video conferences or press conferences from your desk, or conference with people at several desks located across the world. One of the burgeoning phenomena of the Internet is businesses and organizations sponsoring, supporting and moderating discussion groups about issues, products, strategies - anything of interest to the organization and its constituents. Sponsorships are also solicited for popular resources, such as indexes and other Internet search tools, and these provide a further communications and marketing opportunity.

Many organizations are using electronic communications facilities, such as the World Wide Web, as internal communications tools to enhance team work. Many individuals at different locations can work on the same documents, hold meetings and integrate research findings.

Electronic communications removes the power of communications gatekeepers to both positive and negative effects. Most organizations are used to controlling the messages that go out to its constituents through managers, spokespeople and others. But with the Internet, constituents begin to talk among themselves, requiring new approaches and a new emphasis on listening and reacting, not just talking.

With the Internet you have the ability to transmit and receive large amounts of information quickly to and from individuals and workgroups around the world. This changes the way activists, for example, can galvanize communities, inform legislators and change public opinion. It changes the sources and depth of your constituents' knowledge levels. It also lets those constituents reach you with new kinds of communications they may never have attempted before.

And these are only some of the changes we are seeing now. There will be unanticipated and ripple effects we can't imagine. For example, will electronic mail become a buffer to avoid communications or confrontations that might be better resolved in person? Will managers find themselves traveling more in order to gain the personal touch with members of distributed workgroups? How will organizations prepare themselves for this increased level of participatory constituent interaction?

Electronic Mail

Mail

The CTSS MAIL command was proposed in an undated Programming Staff Note 49 by Louis Pouzin, Glenda Schroeder, and Pat Crisman. The CTSS team was then working on the design of a new, improved file system for CTSS with many additional features. Numerical sequence places the note in either Dec 64 or Jan 65. PSN 49 proposed a facility for the system operators so they could inform users when lost files were retrieved from tape, by sending a message to a file in their directory.

I was a new member of the MIT programming staff in spring 1965. When I read the PSN document about the proposed CTSS MAIL command, I asked "where is it?" and was told there was nobody available to write it.

My design contribution to electronic mail was that the original PSN described a limited facility for the CTSS machine operators to notify users when requests to retrieve lost files were completed. I argued successfully for a general facility that let any user send text messages to any other, with any content, instead of a special-purpose command controlled from the 7094 console switches.

MAIL was a privileged command, that could do things normal user programs could not: it used the call (shown in MAD)

ATTACH.(PROB, PROG)

to switch to the recipient's file directory, and then added the message to the user's mailbox file on disk. CTSS supported file locking so that readers and writers did not interfere with each other. Users could not read each others' mailboxes, and MAIL was soon used for personal communication as well as work related messages, though this ability was not emphasized by management, who saw the mail facility as a frivolous use of scarce computing resources.

The CTSS MAIL command took pairs of arguments, the problem and programmer numbers of the recipients:

MAIL M1416 2962

would start sending a message to me. You had to know the problem and programmer numbers for the recipients.

You could send mail to everybody on your project by typing

MAIL M1416

RFC 385 "Comments on the File Transfer Protocol," by Abhay Bhushan of the MAC networking group, dated Aug-18-1972, introduced the MLFL and MAIL commands to FTP, as a way of sending mail. Several further RFCs discussed variations on the idea of sending mail inside FTP. A meeting in Feb 1973 agreed on the use of the @ sign in the proposed FTP TO command so that address had the format user@host, as documented in RFC 469. RFC 498 mentions that the TENEX SNDMSG command could send mail to users at remote hosts using the user@host syntax without requiring an FTP login; I guess this was Ray Tomlinson's code. In November 1975, Jon Postel wrote RFC 706, "On the junk mail problem," suggesting that the problem of junk electronic mail had been at least contemplated, if not experienced. RFC 772, "Mail Transfer Protocol," by S. Sluizer and J. Postel, dated Sep-01-1980, inaugurated a series of RFCs which described the features of the Internet mail protocols, leading eventually to the SMTP protocol used for mail today.

Electronice Top Company in Malaysia

1. Shell

Website: www.shell.com.my

Industry: Oil & Gas

Address: Human Resources Dept, Bangunan Shell Malaysia

Damansara Heights, Changkat Semantan, 50490 Kuala Lumpur

Tel: 03-2095 9144

An excellent company to work for, Shell provides you with a platform for

trainings and knowledge, while at the same time providing you with

opportunity for growth while climbing the technical and corporate ladder.

2. Intel

Website: www.intel.com, www.intel.com/jobs/Malaysia

Industry: Manufacturing

Intel is the world's largest chip maker, also a leading manufacturing of

computer, networking and communications products. Intel currently has the

largest plant of all manufacturing companies in Penang & Kulim industrial

area.

3. DHL

Website: www.dhl.com.my

Industry: Logistics & Freight Forwarding

Add: Human Resources Department, DHL Express (M) Sdn Bhd

Levels 26, 27 & 28 Menara TM, Off Jln Pantai Baharu

50672 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Phone: 1 800 88 8388

DHL's international network links more than 220 countries and territories

worldwide. Around 285,000 employees are dedicated to providing fast and

reliable services that exceed customers' expectations in 120,000

destinations in all continents.

4. Petronas

Website: www.petronas.com.my

Industry: Oil & Gas

Add: HR Planning & Recruitment PETRONAS, Level 63, Tower 1

PETRONAS Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50088 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia

Email: hrm@petronas.com.my

PETRONAS is an integrated international oil and gas company with business

interests in 31 countries. As at end of October 2005, the PETRONAS Group

comprised 101wholly-owned subsidiaries, 19 partly-owned outfits and 57

associated companies.

5. McKinsey & Co

Website: www.mckinsey.com

Industry: Consulting

Add: McKinsey & Company, Level 57, Tower 2, Petronas Twin Towers Kuala

Lumpur City Center, 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tel: 60 (3) 2382 5500

As one of the world's biggest consulting firms with offices all across the

globe, McKinsey helps many of the world's leading organizations think

about and improve their strategies, organizations and operations.

6. Maxis

Website: www.maxis.com.my

Industry: Communications

Add: Staffing & HR Planning, Maxis Communications Berhad, Aras 17, Menara

Maxis, Off Jln Ampang, 50088 KL. Tel: 03-7492 2123

As one of the largest communications giants in this country, Maxis will be

a preferred platform for aspiring executives to be part of in the quest to

reach their career heights. There are so many opportunities available as

Maxis is expected to continue growing in terms of size and profits.

7.IBM

Website: www.ibm.com/my

Industry: System/Hardware

Add: IBM Malaysia Sdn Bhd, 15th Floor, Plaza IBM, Jln Tun Mohd Fuad

Taman Tun Dr Ismail, 60000 Kuala Lumpur. Tel (Gen): 03-7727 7788

To date, IBM has played a major role in delivering solutions to the

customers to help solve business problems. IBM's key strengths are in

people, skills and experience in IT and complex projects, and worldwide

infrastructure of international offices and laboratories from which they

can quickly assemble the best expertise required by the customers in

Malaysia and worldwide.

8. Motorola

Website: www.motorola.com/my/

Industry: Manufacturing

Add: Human Resources Department, Motorola Technology Sdn Bhd

Bayan Lepas Technoplex Industrial Park, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang

Tel: 04-6432511 (General)

First established in Malaysia in Penang (1974), Motorola today is a total

solutions provider for wireless telecommunications and energy products. It

is the first Motorola Asia-Pacific Regional Integrated Manufacturing, R&D

and Distribution Center. Capabilities include design & development of

two-way radio products, world-class manufacturing and distribution to

global customers.

9. ExxonMobil

Website: www.exxonmobil.com.my

Industry: Oil & Gas

Add: Human Resources Department, Esso Production Malaysia Inc.

Level 17, Menara ExxonMobil, Kuala Lumpur City Centre

50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Fax: 603-3803494

A merge between Esso and Mobil produced ExxonMobil which is now the

biggest oil and gas company globally, covering upstream, downstream,

technology and chemical activities.

10. Hewlett Packard

Industry: Hardware/multimedia

Website: www.hp.com.my

Add: Human Resource Department, HP Towers,

Hewlett Packard (M) Sdn Bhd., 12 Jalan Genggang, Bukit Damansara,

50409 KUALA LUMPUR

HP is a technology solutions provider to consumers, businesses and

institutions globally. The company's offerings span IT infrastructure,

personal computing and access devices, global services and imaging and

printing for consumers, enterprises and small and medium businesses.

11. CIMB

Industry: Investment

Website: www.cimb.com.my

CIMB is the largest, award winning investment bank in Southeast Asia. They

offer a full range of integrated capital markets and advisory solutions

tailored to a diverse client base, including large corporations, financial

institutions, private individuals and institutional investors. Requires

talented and hardworking people, but you'll be well compensated. Min

yearly bonus average more than 6 months, depending on your

performance. In 2004 claim a record bonus payout of 13 months!

12. Ernst & Young

Website: http://www.ey.com/global/content.nsf/Malaysia/Malaysia_Home_Page

Industry: Financial & tax services

Add: 4th Floor, Kompleks Antarabangsa, Jalan Sultan Ismail

50250 Kuala Lumpur. Tel (6)03.2144 2333 Fax (6)03.2141 0676

In Malaysia, Ernst & Young is one of the largest professional services

firms with more than 2,400 employees in 17 offices in West and East

aysia. It was established in early 1900s and was one of the first

internationally linked public accounting firms in the country.

13. Citibank

Website: www.citibank.com.my

Industry: Banking

Add: Human Resources Department, Menara Citibank

165 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur

Tel: 03- 2380 0000

Citibank is part of Citigroup, the world's largest banking entity, with

operation in more than 100 countries and having more than 200 million

customers worldwide. Citibank also offers one of the most comprehensive

trainings to their sales force.

14. Dell Asia Pacific

Website: www.dell.com.my

Industry: PC/Hardware

ll is one-stop PC and notebook supplier with state of the art assembly

operation in Penang, supported by a world-class standard of customer

service operation. At the heart of Dell's Asia Pacific operations is the

Asia Pacific Customer Center (APCC) in Penang, Malaysia. The

238,000-square-foot manufacturing facility opened in October 1995 and in

February 2001, Dell's second Asia Pacific Customer Centre (APCC2) of

370,000-square-feet began operations. Desktops, workstations, notebooks,

servers and storage products are manufactured to order for customers

throughout Asia Pacific.

15. Accenture

Website: http://www.accenture.com/Countries/Malaysia

Industry: Consultancy

Add: Level 66 Tower 2 Petronas Twin Towers, Jalan Ampang

50088 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 03 2731 4000 Fax: 03 205 72537

Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and

outsourcing company, with operation in 110 offices worldwide. Accenture

collaborate with its clients to help them become high-performance

businesses and governments. Accenture mobilizes excellent qualified people

having the right skills and technologies to help clients improve their

performance.

16. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC)

Website: www.pwc.com/my

Industry: Financial & Tax services

Address: PricewaterhouseCoopers Malaysia, 11th Floor

Wisma Sime Darby, Jalan Raja Laut, 50350 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

Telephone +60 (3) 26931077 Fax: +60(3) 26930997

Email: my.careers@my.pwc.com.

PWC provides industry-focused assurance, tax and advisory services to

build public trust and enhance value for its clients and their

stakeholders. Their Malaysia operation is supported by a strong 1700

workforce in 9 locations.

17. Toyota

Website: www.toyota.com.my

Industry: Automotive

Add: Manager, Human Resources, UMW Toyota Malaysia

No. 2, Persiaran Raja Muda, Seksyen 15, 40200 Shah Alam, Selangor

Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world's leading automakers,

offering full range of models. As of March 2004, Toyota employs 264,000

people worldwide, and market vehicles in more than 140 countries. Their

diversified operations include telecommunications, prefabricated housing

and leisure boats.

18. Nokia

Website: www.nokia.com.my

Industry: Mobile communications

Add: Nokia Networks Malaysia, Suite T01 3rd Floor

Block 2320 Century Square, Jalan Usahawan

63000 CYBERJAYA

Tel: +60 3 8313 6888 Fax: +60 3 8318 9188

A leading player in mobile communications in the Asia Pacific, Nokia

first started operations in the region in the early 1980s. It has since

established a leading brand presence in many local markets, and business

has expanded considerably in all areas to support customer needs and the

growth of the telecommunications industry in the region.

19. Bank Negara Malaysia

Website: www.bnm.gov.my

Industry: Banking

Add: Recruitment & Scholarship Section , Human Resource Management

Department , 11C, Bank Negara Malaysia , Jalan Dato' Onn

50480 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 03 2692 5373, 03 2690 7246, 03 2690 7242

Fax: 03 2698 7929

E-mail: recruit@bnm.gov.my

Bank Negara Malaysia is the central bank for Malaysia, established on 26

January 1959. The functions of the Bank are carried out within the

context of the broader goals of promoting economic growth, a high level

of employment, maintaining price stability and a reasonable balance in

the country's international payments position, eradicating poverty and

restructuring society.

20. Western Digital

Website: www.wdc.com

Industry: Manufacturing

Add: The Human Resource Department

Western Digital (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd

Lot 3, Jalan SS8/6, Sungei Way Free Industrial Zone

47300 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Tel: 03-7870 5123

Winner of Best Employers in Asia awards, Western Digital is really an

excellent organization to be in. You'll get a chance to get a closer look

on the manufacturing operation of enterprise drives, desktop, external

and mobile drives.

21. Air Asia

Website: www.airasia.com.my

Industry: Aviation

Air Asia has a record history of being a debt-ridden company turned into

a multibillion organization within a span of merely 3 years. Headed by

one of Malaysia's most successful businesspersons, Datuk Tony Fernandez,

there's a limitless chance for your career to reach this sky, as of their

planes, once you're part of this ever growing company.

22. LogicaCMG

Website: www.logicacmg.com/my

industry: IT outsourcing

dd: 601, Level 6, Uptown 1, No. 1, Jalan SS21/58

Damansara Uptown, 47400 Petaling Jaya

Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: +603 7725 6890 Fax: +603 7726 6346

Currently the biggest IT outsourcing provider in Europe, LogicaCMG is

continuing to make impact in Asia Pacific. It provides management and IT

consultancy, systems integration and outsourcing services to clients

across diverse markets including telecoms, financial services, energy and

utilities, industry, distribution and transport and the public sector.

Formed in December 2002, through the merger of Logica and CMG, the

company employs around 20,000 staff in offices across 34 countries and

has nearly 40 years of experience in IT services.

23. KPMG International

Website: http://www.kpmg.com

Industry: Financial Services

Add: KPMG/Desa Megat & Co., Wisma KPMG, Jalan Dungun

Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mailing Address:

P.O. Box 10047

50702 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tel: 011-60-3-2095-3388

Fax: 011-60-3-2095-0971

KPMG International is the global network of professional services firms

oviding audit, tax, and advisory services with industry focus. Its aim

is to turn knowledge into value for the benefit of its clients, people,

and the capital markets. With nearly 94,000 people worldwide, KPMG member

firms provide audit, tax, and advisory services from 717 cities in 148

countries.

24. Oracle Corporation

Website: www.oracle.com

Industry: Software/system

Malaysia office: Oracle Corporation Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Level 38 Menara Citibank, 165 Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur

Tel: 60-3-2161 8822 Fax: 60-3-2164 3755

For nearly three decades, Oracle, the world's largest enterprise software

company, has provided the software and services that let organizations

get the most up-to-date and accurate information from their business

systems.

. Federal Express (FedEx)

Website: www.fedex.com/my

Industry: Logistic & freight forwarding

Selangor service centre in Malaysia:

ederal Express Services (M) Sdn Bhd

17 Jalan TSB 8, Taman Industri Sungai Buloh

47000 Kota Damansara, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Email: MALrecruit@fedex.com

ederal Express, part of transportation powerhouse FedEx Corporation,

onnects areas that generate 90 per cent of the world's gross domestic

product in 24 to 48 hours with door-to-door, customs-cleared service and

a money-back guarantee. The company's unmatched air route authorities and

infrastructure make it the world's largest express transportation

company, providing fast, reliable and time-definite transportation of

more than 3.2 million items in 220 countries each working day. FedEx has

more than 138,000 employees, 50,000 drop-off locations, 671 aircraft and

41,000 vehicles in its integrated global network.

26. Deloitte Malaysia

Website: www.deloitte.com

Industry: Financial & tax services

Add: Head Office, Level 19, SS21/58

Damansara Uptown, 47400 Petaling Jaya

P O Box 10093, 50704 Kuala Lumpur

Tel: +60(3) 7723 6500, +60(3) 7726 1833

Fax: +60(3) 7726 3986, +60(3) 7726 8986

e-mail: myaaa@deloitte.com

Deloitte Malaysia is among the nation's leading professional services

firms, providing audit, tax, consulting, and financial advisory services

through nearly 1,100 people in 8 offices throughout the nation. Having

built a strong presence with a portfolio of clients spanning a variety of

industries, Deloitte Malaysia has a proven record in providing services

to some of the world's largest multi-nationals as well as local

enterprises, financial institutions, government bodies, public and newly

privatised organisations.

27. Ericsson

Website: www.ericsson.com/my

Industry: Mobile communications

Malaysia address: Ericsson (M) Sdn Bhd

3420 Persiaran Sepang

63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor. Tel: 03-8314 6000 Fax: 03-8314 6009

Ericsson is the leading telecom supplier in the world. In the Asia

Pacific region, Ericsson has over 30 percent market share in mobile

communications infrastructure. Ericsson's net sales in the region for Q3

2005 accounts for 22% of Ericsson's global sales.

icsson has a strong presence in Asia Pacific, with 16 operating

entities grouped into five market units: Australia & New Zealand, China,

India & Sri Lanka, North East Asia (Japan, Korea, Taiwan), and South East

Asia (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,

Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Brunei).

28. Samsung

website: www.samsung.com

Industry: Electronics

Malaysia contact: Suite 3B-9-3A, Level 9, Block 3B

Plaza Sentral, Jalan Stesen Sentral 5

Kuala Lumpur Sentral, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tel: 03-2263 6600 Fax: 03-2263 6666

In this region, Malaysia plays a key role in SAMSUNG's strategy as both a

manufacturing export base as well as a market for high-value technology

products. They currently employ a total of 2200 employees in Malaysia.

SAMSUNG Electronics offices in Malaysia consist of 1 subsidiary office

nd 2 manufacturing facilities. In recent years, SAMSUNG has evolved as a

consumer technology brand. We consistently clinch top 3 positions

across South-East Asia for televisions, monitors/LCD monitors,

side-by-side refrigerators, washing machines and DVD players.

29. Sony Malaysia

Website: www.sony.com.my

Industry: Manufacturing/electronic

Malaysia contact:

The Human Resources Department

Sony (M) Sdn Bhd, No.7, Tanjung Bandar Utama

Bandar Utama, Petaling Jaya 47800, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Email: recruits@sony.com.my

Sony has helped developed discerning Malaysians who have come to expect

quality, integrity and reliability in audio/visual equipment. Sony's

cutting-edge technology brings sights and sounds, expectations and

xperiences into the home as well as the office.

30. Berjaya Corporation

Website: www.berjaya.com.my

Industry: Various

Add: BERJAYA LAND BERHAD

Group Human Resource & Administration Division

11th Floor Menara Berjaya, K L Plaza

179 Jalan Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur

Email: hr@berjaya.com.my

Berjaya Corporation is a major Malaysian conglomerate with annual revenue

in excess of RM2.93 billion. Through a series of acquisitions, organic

growth and the entrepreneurial leadership of Tan Sri Dato' Seri Vincent

Tan, Berjaya Corporation today has a total employee strength of over

17,000, and is engaged in the various core activities including property

development, vacation & resorts, education, food & beverages, investment

holdings and others.

The Future of Electronic Paper

The Future of Electronic Paper

Thirty-five years in the making, electronic paper is now closer than ever to changing the way we read, write, and study — a revolution so profound that some see it as second only to the invention of the printing press in the 15th century. Made of flexible material, requiring ultra-low power consumption, cheap to manufacture, and—most important—easy and convenient to read, e-papers of the future are just around the corner, with the promise to hold libraries on a chip and replace most printed newspapers before the end of the next decade. This article will cover the history, technology, and future of what will be the second paper revolution.

E-paper History: An Interview with Nick Sheridon, Father of E-paper

In the 1970 Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Xerox PARC) was a powerhouse of innovation. Many aspects the modern computer, namely the mouse, laser printer, Ethernet, GUI, computer-generated color graphics, as well as a number of important computer languages, were invented at PARC around that time. Yet another development, nearly lost among those important breakthroughs, was invented in 1974 by PARC employee Nicholas K. Sheridon. The Gyricon, a Greek term for rotating image, was to be new display technology for the Alto personal computer; eventually, it became the basis for modern e-paper technology.

Nearly 35 years later, TFOT sat down with Nick Sheridon to ask him about his historic invention.

How did it all start

In the late 60s and early 70s, Xerox PARC was developing and attempting to get Xerox management to appreciate the Alto personal computer; they never did. It was the world's first office and word-processing computer, but this remarkable machine had one serious drawback: the cathode-ray tube display it used—the best available—was not bright enough, and the contrast was not great. People that used the machine did so in a darkened room, with the lights turned off and the window shades drawn. Several of us scientists were asked to try to find a better display, hopefully one that could permit operation in a brightly lit ambient. I invented the Gyricon rotating-ball display and a display based on a physical phenomenon I called “electrocapillarity.” The electrocapillarity display worked by moving colored liquids against a white background. The rest of the group worked on electrophoretic displays (eventually dropped due to lifetime problems). I codeveloped the Gyricon and electrocapillarity displays for about 18 months and finally decided the Gyricon would be easier to develop. Hoping to get back to the electrocapillary display, I delayed applying for patents until the early 90s. When my patent applications were laid open in Europe, a university group revived the work and changed the name to “electrowetting.” Electrowetting is widely studied and is considered a promising candidate for electronic paper. I published a paper on the Gyricon and made several presentations. Several patents were applied for. About this time, I met the Xerox head of corporate research in the PARC cafeteria. He complimented me on my display work but pointed out that Xerox was not in the display business. At this point, I realized the Alto was not going to be developed by Xerox. He strongly urged me to invent new printer technology to counter the erosion of the Xerox copier/printer market by the Japanese.

I stopped the Gyricon work and eventually invented a new electronic-printing technology based on ionography. This became a large program at Xerox, consuming perhaps $150 million; this number is hard to establish. We developed and were in early-manufacturing operations of the world's first multifunction desktop machine—printer, copier, input scanner, and fax—when this program was cancelled. This left me free to invent the concept of electronic paper.

Much has been written about the incredible myopia of Xerox executives of the time, so I won't go into that except to say that there were numerous other opportunities to enormously expand Xerox's business that were similarly fumbled. Xerox had enough money to create an incredible research lab with top-notch people, but Xerox management could not shake off the copier mentality.

how was e-paper born

I realized the need for e-paper in 1989. At Xerox PARC, we had long predicted the advent of the paperless office, with the widespread adoption of the personal computer we pioneered. The paperless office never happened. Instead, the personal computer caused more paper to be consumed. I realized that most of the paper consumption was caused by a difference in comfort level between reading documents on paper and reading them on the CRT screen. Any document over a half page in length was likely to be printed, subsequently read, and discarded within a day. There was a need for a paper-like electronic display — e-paper! It needed to have as many paper properties as possible, because ink on paper is the “perfect display.” Subsequently, I realized that the Gyricon display, which I had invented in the early 70s, was a good candidate for use as e-paper. I set about developing a manufacturing process for the Gyricon and solving its early problems. At this time, I was working alone, with a very good technician.

 

Electronice Video Camera

Electronice Video Camera

Panasonic Electronice Video Camera AG-HVX202AEN(Includes GST)(PAL)

applications.

• New Progressive CCD and DSP Achieve Higher Sensitivity and Image Quality.

• Supports HD/SD Multi-Format Recording: DVCPRO HD, DVCPRO50, DVCPRO or DV

• P2 Card: The Next-Generation Media that reflects today's leading Digital Technologies.

• Variable Frame Rates from 12 to 60 fps allows Cinematic Expression.

• Equipped with Native and Over-60p Modes for previewing Visual Effects

• Cine-like Gamma provides warmer, film-like color tones.

• Manual Zoom, Focus, Iris and Gain Functions for the Professional

• Scene File, User Buttons and Auto Functions for quicker, easier shooting.

• XLR External Microphone Inputs and Manual Adjustment Capability meets professional audio needs

• Ergonomic Design Throughout - Including the Viewfinder, Monitor and Handgrip.

GENERAL

Supply Voltage DC7.2V / 7.9V

Power Consumption 11.6W (when viewfinder is used), 12.0W (when LCD monitor is used) MAX 14W

Operating Temperature 0°C to +40°C (32°F to +104°F)

Operating Humidity 10% to 85% (no condensation)

Weight Approx. 2.5kg (5.5 lbs) excluding battery and accessories

Dimensions (WxHxD) 168.5 x 180 x 390 mm (6-11/16" x 7-1/8" x 15-3/8")

CAMERA

Pick-up Device 3CCD (1/3-inch interline transfer type and progressive modes supported)

Lens LEICA DICOMAR lens with optical image stabilizer,

motorized/manual mode switching,13 x zoom,

F1.6 to F 2.8 (f= 4.2mm to 55mm) (35mm equivalent: 30.3mm to 394mm)

Optical Color Separation Prism system

ND Filter 1/8, 1/64

Gain Selection 60i/60p mode: 0/+3/+6/+9/+12/+18 dB

(when using slow shutter, 0 dB fixed)

30p/30pN/24p/24pA/24pN mode: 0/+3/+6/+9/+12 dB

(when using slow shutter or VFR rate of less than 24p: 0 dB fixed)

Frame Rate variable 12/18/20/22/24/26/30/32/36/48/60 fps (frame/sec)

Shutter Speed

(Preset) 60i/60p mode: 1/60 (OFF), 1/100, 1/120, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000 sec.

30p/30pN mode: 1/30, 1/50 (OFF), 1/60, 1/120, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 sec.

24p, 24pA, 24pN mode: 1/24, 1/50 (OFF), 1/60, 1/120, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000 sec.

Shutter Speed

(Synchro Scan) 60i, 60p mode: 1/60.0 sec. to 1/249.8 sec.

30p, 30pN mode: 1/30.0 sec. to 1/249.8 sec.

24p, 24pA, 24pN mode: 1/24.0 sec. to 1/249.8 sec.

Aperture Angle 10° to 350° (Shutter Angle is selectable under Film Cam Mode.)

Slow Shutter Speed 60i/60p mode: 1/15, 1/30 30p/30pN mode: 1/15 sec.

24p. 24pA, 24pN mode: 1/12 sec. (only in 720p mode)

Minimum Luminance 3 lx (F1.6, +12 dB gain, at 1/24 shutter)

Lens Hood Large lens hood with wide view angle

Filter Diameter 82mm

Video P2 General (DVCPRO HD, 1080i/720p)

Sampling Frequency Y: 74.25 MHz, PB/PR: 37.125 MHz

Quantizing 8 bits

Compression Compression ratio 1/6.7, DCT + variable length code

Recording Bit Rate 100Mbps

Audio P2 General (DVCPRO HD, 1080i/720p)

Sampling Frequency 48 kHz / Quantizing 16 bits / 4ch

Frequency Characteristics 20 Hz ro 20kHz

Memory Card

Recording Format*1 DVCPRO HD

1080/60i (30p over 60i, 24p over 60i, 24pA over 60i),

720/60p (30p over 60p, 24p over 60p),

720/30pN (Native Record), 720/24pN (Native Record)

DVCPRO 50/DVCPRO/DV

480/60i (30p over 60i ,24p over 60i, 24pA over 60i)

Audio Recording Format PCM digital recording 48 kHz /16 bits

4ch (DVCPRO HD/DVCPRO 50), 2ch/4ch selectable (DVCPRO/DV)

Recording Time*2

(Approx.) 32 minutes with one AJ-P2C032RG (DVCPRO HD, 1080/60i)

80 minutes with one AJ-P2C032RG (DVCPRO HD, 720/24pN)

VTR part General

Recording Format DIgital Video SD

Tape Format Mini DV cassette (6.35mm width metal evaporated tape)

Recording Video Signals 480/60i (NTSC Digital Video, Standard Definition),

24p/24pA/30p mode (all convert to 480/60i and record)

Frame Rate 60i (480i), 24p, 24pA, 30p

Recording Audio Signals PCM digital recording, 16 bits: 48kHz/2ch or 12 bits: 32kHz/4ch

Wow & Flutter Below measurable limits

Recording Tracks Digital video / audio signals: helical track

Time code: helical track (sub-code area)

Tape Speed SP mode: 18.812mm/sec, LP mode: 12.555mm/sec

Recording Time SP mode: 63 min. (When using AY-DVM63MQ)

FF/Rew Time Approx.140 sec. (when AY-DVM63MQ is used)

VIDEO connectors

Video Out Analog component, Y: 1.0Vp-p , 75ω, PB/PR: 0.7Vp-p , 75omega;,

Video In/Out Pin Jack x 1, Analog composite, 1.0Vp-p , 75ω

S-video In/Out 4-pin, Y/C Y: 1.0Vp-p , 75Ω, C: 0.286Vp-p , 75ω

(In/out automatically switched, Input DV tape mode only)

Component Analog Out D-Connector for HD Images

AUDIO connectors

XLR In XLR (3 pin) x 2 (Input 1/Input 2), Input: High impedance

Line: 0dBu, MIC: –50/–60 dBu (selectable in menu)

Line In/Out Pin Jack x 2 (Input 1/Input 2), (automatically switched),

In: High impedance 316mV, Out: 600Ω, 316mV

Internal Microphone Stereo Microphone

Phones Stereo Mini jack (3.5mm diameter)

Internal Speaker 28mm round shape x 1

OTHER connectors

IEEE 1394 4-pin Digital input/output, based on IEEE 1394 standard

USB Type mini B connector (USB ver.2.0)

Camera Remote Zoom, Rec (Start/Stop) Super Mini jack (2.5mm diameter)

Focus Iris, Mini jack (3.5mm diameter)

DC Input 2P x 1, 7.9V

Monitor, AC Adapter, and Other packages

LCD Monitor 3.5 inches, LCD color Monitor, 210,000 pixels

Viewfinder 0.44 inches, LCD color Viewfinder, 235,000 pixels

AC Adapter Weight: 160g, Dimensions: 70 (W) x 44.5 (H) x 116 (D)mm

Supplied Accessories AC adapter/charger, AC Cord, DC Cord, Battery (5400mAH),

Wireless remote controller (Button-type battery), Microphone holder,

Eye cup, Shoulder strap, Ferrite core, Component Video cable,

Pin-BNC conversion plug, P2 card software driver install (CD-ROM )

Sony Electronice Video PMW-EX3 Camera Professional (PAL)(INC GST)(Aus Wty)

Mass Approx. 1.9 kg (without lens) Approx. 3.6 kg (with lens, lens hood, eye piece, BP-U30 battery, one SxS PRO memory card)

Dimensions (W x H x D) 250 x 210 x 400 mm (with lens) without projection

Power requirements DC 12 V

Power consumption Approx. 13.5 W (while recording, LCD viewfinder On)

Operating temperature 0 to +40 °C (+32 to +104 °F)

Storage temperature -20 to +60 °C (-4 to +140 °F)

Continuous operating time Approx. 210 min. with BP-U60 battery Approx. 100 min. with BP-U30 battery

Continuous operating time Approx. 210 min. with BP-U60 battery Approx. 100 min. with BP-U30 battery

MPEG-2 Long GOP, HQ mode: VBR, maximum bitrate: 35 Mb/s, MPEG-2 MP@HL, SP mode: CBR, 25 Mb/s, MPEG-2 MP@H14

Audio Linear PCM (2ch, 16-bit, 48-kHz)

Recording frame rate NTSC setting: HQ mode: 1920 x 1080/59.94i, 29.97P, 23.98P, 1280 x 720/59.94P, 29.97P, 23.98P, SP mode: 1440 x 1080/59.94i PAL setting: HQ mode: 1920 x 1080/50i, 25P, 1280 x 720/50P, 25P

Recording/Playback time HQ mode: Approx. 50 min. with SBP-16 (16 GB) memory card, Approx. 25 min. with SBP-8 memory card SP mode: Approx. 70 min. with SBP-16 (16 GB) memory card, Approx. 35 min. with SBP-8 memory card

Lens Mount 1/2-inch EX mount

Zoom ratio 14x (optical), servo/manual selectable

Focal length f = 5.8 to 81.2 mm (equivalent to 31.4 to 439 mm on 35 mm lens)

Iris F1.9 to F16 and Close, servo/manual selectable

Maximum relative aperture 1:1.9

Focus AF/MF/Full MF selectable, 800 mm to ∞ (MACRO OFF), 50 mm to ∞ (MACRO ON, Wide), 735 to ∞ (MACRO ON, Tele)

Image stabilizer ON/OFF selectable, shift lens

Filter thread M77 mm, pitch 0.75 mm (on lens)

Pickup device 3-chip 1/2-inch type Exmor CMOS

Effective picture elements 1920 (H) x 1080 (V)

Charge Coupled Device scan mode Interlace scan/Progressive scan

Optical system F1.6 prism system

Built-in optical filters ND filter OFF: Clear, 1: 1/8ND, 2: 1/64ND

Sensitivity (2000 lx, 89.9% reflectance) F10 (typical) (1920 x 1080/59.94i mode)

Minimum illumination 0.14 lx (typical) (1920 x 1080/59.94i mode, F1.9, +18 dB gain, with 64-frame accumulation)

S/N ratio 54 dB (Y) (typical)

Resolution (Horizontal) 1000 TV lines or more (1920 x 1080i mode)

Shutter speed 1/33 to 1/2000 sec.

Shutter angle 180, 90, 45, 22.5, 11.25 degrees

Slow Shutter (SLS) 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-frame accumulation

Slow & Quick Motion function 720P Selectable from 1 to 60 fps as recording frame rate 1080P Selectable from 1 to 30 fps as recording frame rate

Sampling frequency 48kHz

Quantization 16 bits

Headroom 20 dB

Frequency response 20 Hz to 20kHz, +3 dB/-3 dB

Dynamic range 90 dB (typical)

Distortion Less than 0.1% (with input level of -40 dBu)

Audio input XLR-3-pin (female) (x 2), line/mic/mic +48 V selectable, Mic: -8 dBu to -65 dBu (reference level), Line: +4 dBu

Time code input BNC (x1), 0.5 to 18 Vp-p, 10 Ω

Gen-Lock In (BNC) BNC (x1), 1.0 Vp-p, 75 Ω

Electronics and Electrical Theory

Electronics and Electrical Theory

These pages, or units, are a review of electronics based on laboratory experiments, with little purely theoretical work or comprehensive treatment of any topic. Nevertheless, most of the fundamental concepts of electronics are discussed and illustrated. The emphasis is on understanding. This is not a collection of electronics projects, and there is no emphasis on construction practices, though some construction may be interesting and valuable. There is no use of SPICE-like circuit calculations, which can also be informative, but is no substitute for prototyping and experimentation. An effort has been made to include interesting historical electronics, such as vacuum tubes and Nixie displays, which also furnishes a deeper understanding of the fundamentals. References are given to further information.

There is more here than can be put into a typical electronics course of 30 or 40 lectures, which should concentrate on the fundamentals. These are the nature of amplification (transistors, for example), feedback, stability, relaxation oscillators and phase-locked loops.

The author has taught electronics at university level, and has a rather low opinion of most of the courses and texts available. This is mainly the consequence of the instructors being instructors and researchers, not electronic engineers in anything but name, often leaving the laboratory in charge of a subordinate of limited knowledge and experience. The laboratory itself is often managed in that wonderful orderly fashion that makes it of limited usefulness and little fascination, characterized by set experiments and "writeups" that teach little, as well as by physical surroundings that are nothing like a real workbench. For learning electronics, however, the laboratory is absolutely essential. The only way to handle a laboratory, incidentally, is to assign to each student his own, lockable, bench. The way not to handle it is to "set up" benches in the laboratory in advance of each "experiment" and otherwise to pack everything away in a single storeroom.

Electronic Schematic Drawing Symbology

Electronic Schematic Drawing Symbology

Of all the different types of electronic drawings, electronic schematics provide the most detail and information about a circuit. Each electronic component in a given circuit will be depicted and in most cases its rating or other applicable component information will be provided. This type of drawing provides the level of information needed to troubleshoot electronic circuits. Electronic schematics are the most difficult type of drawing to read, because they require a very high level of knowledge as to how each of the electronic components affects, or is affected by, an electrical current. This chapter reviews only the symbols commonly used in depicting the many components in electronic systems. Once mastered, this knowledge should enable the reader to obtain a functional understanding of most electronic prints and schematics.

Cyber-shot™ Electronice Digital Camera

Cyber-shot™ Electronice Digital Camera
Everyone can be a photographer with our wide range of Cyber-shot cameras that aim to provide you with utmost satisfaction. Packed with plentiful features like Super SteadyShot, High Sensitivity and Real Imaging Processor, you can be sure that each of our Cyber-shot cameras delivers a superior performance. To complement their functions, Sony has also developed a series of accessories that specifically caters to the Cyber-shot range.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Electronic Checks

Advantages & Disadvantages of Electronic Checks


According to The Electronic Payment Association (NACHA), nearly 16 billion Automated Clearing House (ACH) payments were made in 2006. This figure represents a 14.5 percent increase over the previous year. Both brick-and-mortar and online merchants frequently use electronic checks to process check payments. Electronic checks can simplify and streamline the payment process for customers who use checks and for merchants that accept check payments. However, there are also cautions involved with electronic checks.


Instant Payment Acknowledgment and 24 Hour Access

With electronic checks, customers can receive instant acknowledgment of their payments. Merchants can be assured of the validity of a checking account through the verification process. With electronic checking, customers can have 24 hour access to their checking account transactions through electronic banking.

Increased Efficiency, Lower Costs, Environmental Benefits

Processing payments online with electronic checks eliminates the need for stamps and envelopes, which saves time and money for customers. Processing electronic checks also saves money for merchants in processing costs, especially in the elimination of deposit and transaction fees. Electronic checks can also be an environmentally conscious choice, since less paper is involved in printing and processing the checks.

Security Concerns, Errors and "Float"

Anytime computers are involved with sensitive transactions, there are bound to be security concerns. Fraud by unscrupulous merchants is one danger; hacking into the electronic records or interception of a transmission is another. Enhanced security must accompany any electronic payment system. There is also the danger of human error or equipment failure which can jeopardize the accuracy of transmissions or records. Customers should check their banking records carefully for unfamiliar or unauthorized transactions. Finally, consumers should be aware that electronic checks are processed much more quickly than paper checks, sometimes within hours. This process has eliminated much of the "float" that previously delayed the presenting of a check for payment for several days.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Filing Systems

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Filing Systems

Electronic filing is a technologically advanced method for submitting public records, like any other system, it has both advantages and disadvantages. Electronic filing is fast becoming a favored practice when it comes to filing your taxes.

Advantage: Speed

One advantage of using an electronic filing system is speed. Obviously, using technology is much faster than utilizing a local postal service. For instance, when filing your tax income, using the Internet and emailing tax forms directly to the IRS will only take minutes. No need for standing in lines and manually filling out forms.

Convenience and Practicality

A taxpayer who files his taxes via the traditional procedure will usually have to consult accountants, agents or tax preparers, going back and forth for additional information, waiting for the agent to finish and approve the paperwork, and sending forms to the IRS. With electronic filing, taxpayers can conveniently send a tax return anytime during the week. This constant availability allows a taxpayer to conveniently pay at his own convenience, whether during a weekend, a holiday, or on evenings. Taxpayers can easily handle their taxes and finances right at their own homes, with just a few clicks of a mouse. You can save a lot of money when you practice electronic filing since you don't have to use couriers, postage stamps, and fax messaging. Since electronic filing means you don't need to send actual records and documents, you can quickly complete your forms without having to leave your home.

Disadvantage: Security

Filing records electronically may not be as secured as sending them via mail or post. Especially for those who employ an outside or third party service to do the electronic filing for them, you are providing identifiable information that the service may keep on file for a long period of time. This means that more individuals can have access to your information. In a particular case wherein you are supposed to receive tax refunds and you want it done immediately, you will have to provide your bank account number and routing number for the deposit to take place. Thus, your data is less secure.

Advantage Electronic Product Development

Advantage Electronic Product Development

Early on, Advantage Electronic Product Development Inc. recognized the need for an integrated approach to assisting clients in achieving their goals of bringing products to market faster. This combination of innovative engineering, physical design and appropriate gradients to turnkey manufacturing maximizes our clients' market opportunities by bringing product solutions into existence nimbly and efficiently.

While focusing on the big picture, we pay precise attention to detail because technical competence is the key factor to an expedient and cost-effective design cycle. And we offer a multidisciplinary team with broad knowledge in relevant technologies and proven methodologies to fully implement our integrated approach

What can we do for you?

Today, companies in many industries are striving to stay focused on their core competencies by utilizing a strategy of outsourcing to specialists who complement and supplement their internal capabilities. This is no longer a nicety — it is fast becoming a necessity for remaining competitive.

Key benefits for outsourcing product development include:

the ability to expense rather than capitalize the investment

rapid access to proficient talent without long-term commitment, thus resolving the cyclic needs of development activities

ability to develop new products with nominal internal knowledge, thus reducing the effects of daily operations and competing projects on development schedules and impacts on existing projects.

Our competence is demonstrated by the many designs we have successfully completed. You can be confident in outsourcing an entire project, or part of it. We have flexible options to meet your needs, and a team that can easily work with your internal engineering departments. As an agile firm with technical depth, proven development processes and project management practices, we are able to align our services to fit your budget, schedule or manpower constraints.

Whether you have an immediate and pressing problem to solve, a full development effort or just need some extra engineering support for a critical project, we can provide resourceful solutions you can rely on to bring product success.

Benefits to you

Advantage Electronic Product Development Inc. provides technical alternatives and reduces the costs associated with bringing on new personnel. You get a managed solution for rapid development, design, prototyping, and production. We can implement:

a thorough integration of all project components

expert engineering, project planning, adherence to a phased development process with check points at project stages and clearly defined deliverables.

Advantage can help you refine your concept, define the specification and — with careful consideration of the end goals in manufacturing and effective routine communication throughout a well-documented development process — move your product more rapidly and cost effectively through development to testing and production.

Advantage Electronic Product Development Offers Inventors Free Analysis

From March 15 through April 30, 2010, qualified entrepreneurs with an innovative electronic product idea have the opportunity to ask Advantage for a free analysis and obtain professional consultation on their electronic technology inventions. The company will assist with identifying patenting ideas and overall feasibility of the product. The company will lend its technical guidance to benefit the initiators of new ideas.

Advantage is known for extensive capabilities in support of space and Earth sciences, renewables/energy and a wide range of instrumentation development. Advantage also pioneered the development of Smart Grid components. It is one of the few electronic product development firms that have had experience with technical claims. The offer presents an opportunity for an inventor to find out if their brainchild can be reduced to common practice and can be designed for its real-world intended purpose. Included will be an estimation of major cost components associated with the design.

As the demand for eco-friendly products increases, electronic products are evolving to meet environmental regulations. In response to the high demand for new green technology, the US Patenting Office is fast-tracking patents associated with green designs. Inspiration for Smart Grid and green engineering are in high demand. Advantage capitalizes on their extensive experience in the design of innovative electronic products. Their talented product designers keep current with the new products creating the new energy economy

The purpose of the analysis offer is to give an inventor a quality analysis for new ideas. It has been the company’s experience that many inventors are unfamiliar with the process of protecting a new design. Advantage is volunteering to give confidential, quick and accurate reviews on new product ideas for these inventors. By introducing this offer, the design firm can help inventors to identify difficult technical challenges. Advantage’ expert opinion will help determine the technical portion of the claims for the innovator with an idea that needs to be protected. This is an opportunity to obtain a professional evaluation of their idea before investing money in development costs.

Founded in 1993, Advantage is a leader in electronic product innovation and technology. “Our clients hire us for some of the most difficult and exciting challenges in engineering. We realize that inventors frequently find themselves in a position to need our expertise in developing an electronic product. They need a realistic evaluation to know what technical challenges they are facing, as well as what pitfalls to avoid. Inventors are the bread and butter of electronic product development and our company is privileged to work closely with innovative people. Advantage consistently delivers next generation technology and are excited to provide the innovator with this free analysis.” said Advantage president and CEO, Jody Singleton.

The company offers businesses, entrepreneurs and inventors an opportunity to save time and money with the hope that it helps inventors on their way to success by getting this valuable analysis and expert opinion